In the fast-paced medical technology (MedTech) innovation world, founders are often laser-focused on developing groundbreaking devices, perfecting their software, and navigating the complex regulatory landscape. However, one critical area that is frequently overlooked is cybersecurity — a threat that can derail even the most promising MedTech startups.
In a recent interview at the LSI USA 2025 — The Emerging Medtech Summit, Omar Khateeb, host of the State of Medtech Podcast, sat down with Christian Espinosa, CEO and Founder of Blue Goat Cyber, to uncover the often-overlooked cybersecurity threats facing the MedTech industry.
The Cybersecurity Blind Spot in MedTech Innovation
Espinosa explains that many MedTech founders simply don’t realize the gravity of their devices’ cybersecurity risks. “Most people don’t know what they don’t know about cybersecurity,” he says. “They don’t think about it until the very end, right before they’re trying to get their device approved by the FDA or MDR (Medical Device Regulation), and then their regulatory affairs person’s like, ‘Oh, cybersecurity is on the checklist of documents we have to submit.'”
By that point, it’s often too late. Espinosa recounts a real-world example where his team discovered over 4,000 vulnerabilities in a client’s device just 60 days before their FDA submission. “They cannot fix it in two months,” he explains. “It delays their time to market, it causes frustration with the innovator, the investors, and everyone else, and it’s really costly.”
The Complexity of MedTech Cybersecurity
MedTech cybersecurity is a far more complex challenge than many founders realize. It’s not just about protecting against external attacks; it’s about understanding the unique vulnerabilities inherent in the various components of a medical device.
Firmware, Software, and Hardware Vulnerabilities
- Firmware: Espinosa cites the example of a client developing a bronchial decongestion system that used a microcontroller with firmware that didn’t support secure boot — a requirement of the FDA. “They had to basically make their device stand-alone because it was too risky to have it connected to anything,” he explains.
- Software: “Traditionally, we see vulnerabilities in software,” Espinosa says. “My team is very good at breaking things. We look at every angle an attacker would take to break into the device — every interface into the device.”
- Hardware: Hardware vulnerabilities can be just as dangerous. Espinosa emphasizes the importance of considering what interfaces are exposed on a device and whether they’re necessary for its operation. “If we don’t need access to these ports on the device, maybe we should create an enclosure to cover them up,” he suggests.
The Threat of Interconnected Devices
MedTech devices don’t exist in a vacuum; they’re often interconnected with other systems, creating a complex web of potential vulnerabilities. “If I have a system that’s imaging and it connects to a PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) server, now we have to consider: Is the data we’re getting from that PACS server trustworthy?” Espinosa explains. “How do we know it hasn’t been altered? And then the data we’re sending back, how does that device know that the data hasn’t been altered?”
This interoperability challenge is a significant concern, as malicious actors can exploit vulnerabilities in one device to gain access to the broader ecosystem.
The Threat of Hostile Environments
Espinosa describes Medical devices often deployed in healthcare environments as “hostile.” He explains, “Hospitals are notorious for not securing their networks. I mean, how if you just look at the news, pretty much every hospital’s been compromised. Just when you think that can’t be a bigger data breach of a hospital, the next day you read in the news there’s been a bigger one.”
When a MedTech device is installed on a hospital’s network, it becomes vulnerable to the same threats that have plagued the healthcare industry. “That environment is not friendly,” Espinosa warns. “You can expect that device to be attacked over and over and over as soon as it’s plugged into the environment.”
The Consequences of Overlooking Cybersecurity
The consequences of overlooking cybersecurity in MedTech innovation can be severe, ranging from regulatory delays to patient safety risks.
Regulatory Delays and Investor Frustration
As Espinosa’s example illustrates, discovering critical vulnerabilities late in the development process can lead to significant delays in getting a device approved by the FDA or other regulatory bodies. “It delays their time to market, it causes frustration with the innovator, the investors, and everyone else, and it’s really costly,” he says.
These delays can be devastating for startups, eroding investor confidence and jeopardizing funding opportunities. Founders who fail to prioritize cybersecurity early on may find themselves struggling to secure the resources they need to bring their innovations to market.
Patient Safety Risks
Perhaps the most concerning consequence of overlooking cybersecurity is the potential impact on patient safety. Espinosa emphasizes that MedTech cybersecurity is not just about protecting data; it’s about safeguarding human lives.
“If I can affect the device in a manner that translates to affecting patient health or causing harm to a patient or a misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, then that needs to be fixed,” he says. “The bottom line is, if we can affect the device in a manner that translates to affecting patient health or causing harm to a patient, then that needs to be fixed.”
Cybersecurity as a Competitive Advantage
While many founders view cybersecurity as a necessary evil, Espinosa believes it can be a strategic advantage for MedTech startups. “If I can help in that regard as part of our cybersecurity service, if there’s a way for me to help with the entrepreneur journey because I’ve been doing entrepreneurship for a while, I like to do that too,” he says.
By proactively addressing cybersecurity concerns, founders can not only mitigate risks but also differentiate their offerings in a crowded market. Espinosa suggests that “if you can show that your device is more secure than your competitor’s, that’s a competitive advantage.”
Taking Action: Cybersecurity Strategies for MedTech Founders
So, what should MedTech founders do to address their cybersecurity challenges? Espinosa offers the following advice:
1. Integrate Cybersecurity into the Product Roadmap
Cybersecurity should be a core consideration from the very beginning of the product development process, not an afterthought. “At the requirements phase is where they should be looking at cybersecurity,” Espinosa says. “And then if it’s design, the requirements phase is done properly, then it enters the design phase, and the controls are designed into the device.”
2. Engage Specialized Cybersecurity Expertise
MedTech cybersecurity is a highly specialized field, and founders should not attempt to handle it in-house or as an add-on to their existing regulatory or quality management efforts. “You really need to hire someone that knows what they’re doing, not somebody that just, you know, took a cybersecurity course and is trying to help you with cybersecurity,” Espinosa advises.
Founders can explore resources like Blue Goat Cyber to find specialized MedTech cybersecurity expertise that can guide them through the process.
3. Raise Awareness and Educate the Team
One of the key initiatives at Blue Goat Cyber is to “raise the awareness about the importance of cybersecurity early on in a product’s life cycle,” Espinosa says. Founders should ensure that their entire team, from engineering to regulatory affairs, understands the gravity of cybersecurity risks and the importance of addressing them proactively.
4. Incorporate Cybersecurity into the Funding Roadmap
Securing the necessary resources to address cybersecurity concerns should be a critical part of a medtech startup’s funding strategy. Founders should allocate budget and resources for cybersecurity assessments, penetration testing, and ongoing monitoring and maintenance.
Conclusion: Embracing Cybersecurity for MedTech Innovation
In the rapidly evolving world of medical technology, cybersecurity is no longer an optional consideration — it’s a critical component of successful innovation. By proactively addressing cybersecurity risks, MedTech founders can protect their patients and their businesses and position their companies for long-term success.
As Espinosa eloquently states, “If it wasn’t for a medical device, I wouldn’t be here.” The stakes are simply too high to overlook the cybersecurity threats facing the MedTech industry. By embracing cybersecurity as a strategic priority, founders can unlock new opportunities, drive innovation, and ultimately, save lives.
To learn more about the importance of cybersecurity in MedTech innovation, be sure to check out the State of Medtech Podcast and explore the resources available at Blue Goat Cyber. Together, we can build a future where medical technology is not only groundbreaking but also secure.