Updated July 16, 2025
Interpreted programming languages—like Python, JavaScript, and MATLAB—are gaining ground in the medical device ecosystem. While many critical embedded systems still rely on compiled languages like C or C++, interpreted code is often used for data analysis modules, diagnostic dashboards, and update mechanisms.
But this convenience comes with cybersecurity and regulatory trade-offs. Understanding how interpreted languages work—and how to secure them—is vital for developers and compliance teams working in FDA-regulated environments.
What Is an Interpreted Programming Language?
Unlike compiled languages, which are converted into machine code before execution, interpreted languages are run line-by-line by an interpreter at runtime. This makes development faster and more flexible—but also increases exposure.
Common Examples:
- Python – Used in AI/ML models, device analytics, and test automation
- JavaScript – Common in web-based UIs and device portals
- MATLAB – Popular for signal processing and simulations in R&D
Interpreted vs Compiled: Key Differences
| Feature | Interpreted | Compiled |
|---|---|---|
| Execution | Runtime via interpreter | Pre-compiled into machine code |
| Speed | Slower, dynamic | Fast, optimized |
| Security | Source code often exposed | Code hidden in binary |
| Deployment | Requires interpreter on device or host | Self-contained executable |
| Debugging | Easier, real-time feedback | Requires rebuild |
In a medical device context, these differences translate to both development flexibility and increased risk if not properly managed.
Cybersecurity Risks in Medical Devices
Using interpreted languages in devices introduces several risk areas:
🔓 1. Code Injection
If the interpreter runs user-provided input or scripts, attackers may inject malicious code. For example, a diagnostic shell left open on a device could be hijacked.
🧾 2. Source Code Exposure
Since interpreted languages don’t compile to machine code, your logic may be visible to attackers who gain device access—raising risks of IP theft or reverse engineering.
⚙️ 3. Package Dependencies
Python, Node.js, and other ecosystems often rely on third-party libraries. If these aren’t vetted or pinned, they can introduce supply chain vulnerabilities.
FDA & Regulatory Considerations
The FDA’s 2025 cybersecurity guidance doesn’t ban interpreted languages—but it requires that you:
- Validate runtime behavior in dynamic test environments
- Document interpreters and packages in your SBOM
- Protect source and scripts from unauthorized modification
- Ensure interpreters don’t allow remote execution of unsanitized input
This is also reflected in the Secure Product Development Framework (SPDF), where runtime controls, input validation, and firmware integrity are key components.
Secure Development Best Practices
To safely use interpreted languages in medical device software:
✅ Sandbox the Interpreter
Limit file system access, network access, and system calls.
✅ Sign and Hash Scripts
Prevent tampering by verifying digital signatures before execution.
✅ Limit Usage to Non-Critical Functions
Avoid using interpreted code in real-time patient therapy loops.
✅ Pin and Audit Dependencies
Lock package versions and review third-party components.
✅ Use Read-Only Filesystems or Containers
Prevent post-deployment script modification.
Real-World Example
A cloud-connected diagnostic tool used Python scripts for log parsing and anomaly detection. During testing, an unvalidated input path allowed remote users to upload a .py file, which was executed unchecked. This was mitigated by enforcing a signed-script policy and isolating the interpreter in a sandboxed container.
Final Thoughts
Interpreted languages have a place in modern medical device development—particularly for UI layers, diagnostic tools, and analytics modules. But they require strong controls, thorough testing, and clear documentation to meet FDA cybersecurity expectations.
By securing the runtime, validating inputs, and aligning interpreter use with SPDF guidelines, you can enjoy the benefits of rapid development without compromising patient safety or regulatory compliance.
Work With Blue Goat Cyber
At Blue Goat Cyber, we help medical device manufacturers identify risks in their development stack, validate interpreter usage, and align everything with FDA expectations—from SBOM to postmarket monitoring.
👉 Schedule a consultation and secure your device’s full software lifecycle.
