Blue Goat analysis
Scored with Blue Goat's medical device cybersecurity risk methodology: STRIDE classification and CVSS v4.0 exploitability, with a severity-of-harm readout for your own ISO 14971 hazard analysis.
The Frontier X2 is a wearable heart monitor that streams data to a mobile app over Bluetooth Low Energy. CISA's advisory covers one vulnerability affecting the device and Android app versions below 15.0.0.
| CVE | What an attacker can do | STRIDE | Exploitability (see note) | Security impact |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-5768 | The device allows unauthenticated BLE read and write access to critical characteristics, so an attacker in range can control device functions. The app doesn't authenticate the device, so an attacker can impersonate it and inject fabricated heart rate, breathing rate, and other health data (CWE-306) | Spoofing, Tampering, Denial of service | Medium | High |
A note on scoring. CISA published only a CVSS v3.1 vector for this advisory, not v4.0. Blue Goat's method reads exploitability from three metrics, Attack Vector, Privileges Required, and User Interaction, which are defined the same way in both versions. The v3.1 vector shows adjacent access, no privileges, and no user action. Read by Blue Goat's rule, that's Medium. Its confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts are all High. On Blue Goat's security matrix, that's High.
The published vectors describe the product as CISA scored it, not your device. If you build on this product or a similar component, score your own deployment with the CVSS v4.0 environmental metrics before you rate your risk.
| Severity from your hazard analysis | Safety risk at Medium exploitability |
|---|---|
| Negligible | Low |
| Minor or Serious | Medium |
| Critical or Catastrophic | High |
Fabricated heart data is the clinical risk here. A user, or a clinician reviewing the data, may act on readings an attacker created.
What to check now
- Authenticate the device to the app, not just the app to the device. Each side should verify the other.
- Require pairing and encryption on every BLE characteristic that changes device behavior or carries health data.
- For Frontier X users, CISA reports Fourth Frontier is working on a fix. Until then, connect the device through the Frontier X app before starting an activity, since the device connects to one app at a time.
- If you're not affected, record that in a VEX statement with the justification.
- Re-score each affected threat in your cybersecurity risk assessment, and carry any patient-harm result into your ISO 14971 file.
This analysis is informational. It is based on CISA's published advisory and does not assess any specific manufacturer's device.
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